UN 안전보장이사회 대북결의안 1874호 내용 vs. 1718과 비교 _Resolution 1874 _09.06.12

UN 안전보장이사회(U.N. Securuty Council)는 2009년 6월 12일 대북결의 Resolution 1874 를 잠정적으로 결의하였습니다.

아래 내용은 미국 국무부(U.S. Department of State)가 밝힌 기존의 대북결의안 1718호와 이번의 대북결의 1874호와의 차이,

유엔 안전보장이사회 대북결의 1874(Resolution 1874) 전문(원문) 입니다.


North Korea Sanctions: Resolution 1718 Versus Resolution 1874

Bureau of Public Affairs

Office of the Spokesman

Washington, DC

June 12, 2009

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	Resolution 1718	Resolution 1874*
Arms embargo	Ban  on the transfer to and from North Korea of: 1) enumerated categories of weapons (e.g., tanks) and 2) WMD- and ballistic missile-related goods, and   luxury goods (to DPRK)	·     Ban on all arms transfers from the DPRK.  ·     Ban on all arms transfers to the DPRK, except for small arms and light weapons. ·     Requirement that states notify the DPRK Sanctions Committee before transferring small arms / light weapons to North Korea.
Inspections	A call on states to take cooperative action, including through inspection of cargo to/from North Korea, to ensure compliance with the sanctions.	·     A call on states to conduct inspections on their territory when there are "reasonable grounds" that banned cargo is on a ship. ·     A call on states to consent to inspections on the high seas of their flag vessels where such grounds exist. ·     Obligation on flag states to direct their vessels to an appropriate and convenient port for inspection if the flag states refuse to grant consent for such an inspection on the high seas. ·     New transparency requirements for states to report on their inspections and to report when other states deny permission to inspect ships.  ·     Obligation and authorization for states to seize and dispose of banned cargo. ·     Obligation on states not to provide support (e.g., fuel, water) to vessels suspected of carrying banned cargo (unless necessary for humanitarian purposes ).
Financial measures	Asset freeze (but only for individuals/entities designated by the Committee).	·     A call on states not to provide grants, assistance, loans or public financial support for trade if such assistance could contribute to North Korea’s proliferation efforts. ·     A call on states to deny financial services, including by freezing assets, where such assets could contribute to prohibited DPRK programs (even in the absence of an explicit Committee designation).

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* Note that 1874 measures are cumulative, and that 1718 measures (e.g., asset freeze on designated entities, bans on listed items, luxury goods) remain in effect.

 (원문 보기 클릭)

SECURITY COUNCIL, ACTING UNANIMOUSLY, CONDEMNS IN STRONGEST TERMS DEMOCRATIC

PEOPLE’S REPUBLIC OF KOREA NUCLEAR TEST, TOUGHENS SANCTIONS

Resolution 1874 (2009) Strengthens Arms Embargo, Calls for Inspection of Cargo,

Vessels If States Have ‘Reasonable Grounds’ to Believe Contain Prohibited Items

The Security Council today condemned in the strongest terms the 25 May nuclear test by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea and tightened sanctions against it by blocking funding for nuclear, missile and proliferation activities through targeted sanctions on additional goods, persons and entities, widening the ban on arms imports-exports, and calling on Member States to inspect and destroy all banned cargo to and from that country ‑‑ on the high seas, at seaports and airports ‑‑ if they have reasonable grounds to suspect a violation.

Unanimously adopting resolution 1874 (2009) under Chapter VII, the Council sharpened its weapons import-export ban on the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea enacted in resolution 1718 (2006) ‑‑ which included armoured combat vehicles, large calibre artillery systems, attack helicopters, warships and missiles and spare parts ‑‑ by calling on States to inspect, seize and dispose of the items and by denying fuel or supplies to service the vessels carrying them.

The Council called on all States to cooperate with those inspections, and, if the flag State did not consent to inspection on the high seas, decided that that State should direct the vessel to proceed to an appropriate and convenient port for the required inspection by the local authorities.

Any Member State that undertook an inspection, or seized and disposed of such cargo, was required to promptly submit reports containing the details to the Committee monitoring the sanctions, and to report on any lack of cooperation of a flag State.

It asked the Secretary-General to set up a seven-member expert panel, for an initial one-year period, to assist the Committee in carrying out its mandate and, among other tasks, to gather, examine and analyse information from States, United Nations bodies and other interested parties regarding implementation of resolution 1718 (2006) and today’s text, particularly incidents of non-compliance.

Small arms and light weapons were exempted from the inspections, but the Council called on States to exercise vigilance over the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the Democratic People’s Republic of those weapons and directed States to notify the “1718” monitoring Committee at least five days prior to selling, supplying or transferring small arms or light weapons to it.

In addition to implementing the asset freeze and travel ban imposed in paragraphs 8 (d) and (e) of resolution 1718 (2006), the Council today called on Member States to prevent the provision of financial services or the transfer to, through, or from their territory of any financial or other assets or resources that could contribute to the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea’s nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related or other weapons of mass destruction-related programmes or activities.

It called on all Member States and international financial and credit institutions not to enter into new commitments for grants, financial assistance or concessional loans to that country, except for humanitarian and developmental purposes directly addressing civilian needs; and on all Member States not to provide public financial support for trade with that country where such support could contribute to the country’s nuclear-related or ballistic missile-related or other “WMD”-related programmes or activities.

Deciding to adjust the measures imposed by paragraph 8 of 1718, including through the designation of entities, goods, and individuals, the Council directed the “1718” Committee to undertake its tasks to that effect and to report to the Council within 30 days.  If the Committee had not so acted, then the Council would complete action to adjust the measures within seven days of receiving that report.

The Council called on all Member States to report to it within 45 days, and thereafter upon the Committee’s request, on concrete measures taken to implement key provisions of the resolution.  It pledged to keep the actions of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea under continuous review and to consider strengthening, modifying, suspending or lifting the measures in light of the country’s compliance with both resolution 1718 (2006) and today’s text.  It underlined that further decisions would be required, should additional measures be necessary.

Following adoption of today’s resolution, the representative of the Republic of Korea said the Council’s action was an expression of the international community’s firm will to collectively respond to the Democratic Republic of Korea’s provocative action.  Its nuclear test violated relevant Council resolutions and seriously threatened peace and stability on the Korean peninsula and beyond.  Its overt declaration of intent to pursue development of its nuclear weapons programme was a grave challenge to the nuclear non-proliferation regime.

He urged the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to comply with today’s resolution and to carefully heed the united voice of the international community that such actions would never be condoned.  The country must refrain from any act that would further aggravate the situation on the Korean peninsula.  He strongly urged the country to rejoin the six-party talks and to abandon all of its nuclear weapons and missile programmes, once and for all.

Japan’s representative demanded that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea heed the message of the resolution and strongly urged that country to return immediately to the talks, without precondition.  He highlighted the importance of the Council’s expansion of sanctions and its demand that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea not conduct any further nuclear tests or ballistic missile launches, that it cease all other prohibited nuclear activities and that it respond to the humanitarian concerns of the international community.  Hopefully, those measures would induce the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea to change its course of action.  It was essential for all Member States to take the necessary action to implement those provisions, which were not intended to harm the innocent people of the country.

The United States delegation, which had co-sponsored the resolution ‑‑ along with France, Japan, Republic of Korea, and the United Kingdom ‑‑ welcomed its unanimous adoption as a strong and united international response to North Korea’s test of a nuclear device.  The message of the text was clear ‑‑ that that country’s behaviour was unacceptable to the international community, which was determined to respond.  The country should return, without conditions, to peaceful dialogue and honour its previous commitments to denuclearize the Korean peninsula.  But, for now, its choices had led it to face markedly stronger sanctions.  The measures contained in the text were innovative, robust and unprecedented, and represented new tools to impair North Korea’s ability to proliferate.

China supported the balanced reaction of the Security Council, its representative said, stressing that the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea had violated Security Council resolutions, impaired the effectiveness of the nuclear non-proliferation regime and affected international peace and stability.  The text showed the determination of the Council to resolve the “DPRK nuclear issue” peacefully, through dialogue and negotiations.  And in that context, China had voted in favour of it.

At the same time, he stressed that the sovereignty, territorial integrity and legitimate security concerns and development interests of the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea should be respected.  After its return to the Nuclear Non-Proliferation Treaty, that country would enjoy the right to the peaceful use of nuclear energy as a State party.  The Council’s actions, meanwhile, should not adversely impact the country’s development, or humanitarian assistance to it.  As indicated in the text, if the country complied with the relevant provisions, the Council would review the appropriateness of suspending or lifting the measures.  The issue of inspections was complex and sensitive, and countries must act prudently and under the precondition of reasonable grounds and sufficient evidence, and refrain from any words or deeds that might exacerbate conflict.  Under no circumstances should there be the use of force or threat of the use of force.

Statements were also made by the representatives of the United Kingdom, Mexico, Viet Nam, Libya, Uganda, Russian Federation, France, Burkina Faso, Austria, Croatia, Costa Rica and Turkey.

The meeting was called to order at 12:10 p.m. and adjourned at 1:05 p.m.

Background

The Security Council met today to take action on a draft resolution (document S/2009/301), sponsored by France, Japan, Republic of Korea, United Kingdom and the United States, which reads as follows:

“The Security Council,

“Recalling its previous relevant resolutions, including resolution 825 (1993), resolution 1540 (2004), resolution 1695 (2006), and, in particular, resolution 1718 (2006), as well as the statements of its President of 6 October 2006 (S/PRST/2006/41) and 13 April 2009 (S/PRST/2009/7),

“Reaffirming that proliferation of nuclear, chemical and biological weapons, as well as their means of delivery, constitutes a threat to international peace and security,

“Expressing the gravest concern at the nuclear test conducted by the Democratic People’s Republic of Korea (“the DPRK”) on 25 May 2009 (local time) in violation of resolution 1718 (2006), and at the challenge such a test constitutes to the Treaty on Non-Proliferation of Nuclear Weapons (“the NPT”) and to international efforts aimed at strengthening the global regime of non-proliferation of nuclear weapons towards the 2010 NPT Review Conference, and the danger it poses to peace and stability in the region and beyond,

“Stressing its collective support for the NPT and commitment to strengthen the Treaty in all its aspects, and global efforts towards nuclear non-proliferation and nuclear disarmament, and recalling that the DPRK cannot have the status of a nuclear-weapon State in accordance with the NPT in any case,

“Deploring the DPRK’s announcement of withdrawal from the NPT and its pursuit of nuclear weapons,

“Underlining once again the importance that the DPRK respond to other security and humanitarian concerns of the international community,

“Underlining also that measures imposed by this resolution are not intended to have adverse humanitarian consequences for the civilian population of the DPRK,

“Expressing its gravest concern that the nuclear test and missile activities carried out by the DPRK have further generated increased tension in the region and beyond, and determining that there continues to exist a clear threat to international peace and security,

“Reaffirming the importance that all Member States uphold the purposes and principles of the Charter of the United Nations,

“Acting under Chapter VII of the Charter of the United Nations, and taking measures under its Article 41,

“1.   Condemns in the strongest terms the nuclear test conducted by the DPRK on 25 May 2009 (local time) in violation and flagrant disregard of its relevant resolutions, in particular resolutions 1695 (2006) and 1718 (2006), and the statement of its President of 13 April 2009 (S/PRST/2009/7);

“2.   Demands that the DPRK not conduct any further nuclear test or any launch using ballistic missile technology;

“3.   Decides that the DPRK shall suspend all activities related to its ballistic missile programme and in this context re-establish its pre-existing commitments to a moratorium on missile launches;

“4.   Demands that the DPRK immediately comply fully with its obligations under relevant Security Council resolutions, in particular resolution 1718 (2006);

“5.   Demands that the DPRK immediately retract its announcement of withdrawal from the NPT;

“6.   Demands further that the DPRK return at an early date to the NPT and International Atomic Energy Agency (IAEA) safeguards, bearing in mind the rights and obligations of States Parties to the NPT, and underlines the need for all States Parties to the NPT to continue to comply with their Treaty obligations;

“7.   Calls upon all Member States to implement their obligations pursuant to resolution 1718 (2006), including with respect to designations made by the Committee established pursuant to resolution 1718 (2006) (“the Committee”) pursuant to the statement of its President of 13 April 2009 (S/PRST/2009/7);

“8.   Decides that the DPRK shall abandon all nuclear weapons and existing nuclear programmes in a complete, verifiable and irreversible manner and immediately cease all related activities, shall act strictly in accordance with the obligations applicable to parties under the NPT and the terms and conditions of the IAEA Safeguards Agreement (IAEA INFCIRC/403) and shall provide the IAEA transparency measures extending beyond these requirements, including such access to individuals, documentation, equipment and facilities as may be required and deemed necessary by the IAEA;

“9.   Decides that the measures in paragraph 8(b) of resolution 1718 (2006) shall also apply to all arms and related materiel, as well as to financial transactions, technical training, advice, services or assistance related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of such arms or materiel;

“10.  Decides that the measures in paragraph 8(a) of resolution 1718 (2006) shall also apply to all arms and related materiel, as well as to financial transactions, technical training, advice, services or assistance related to the provision, manufacture, maintenance or use of such arms, except for small arms and light weapons and their related materiel, and calls upon States to exercise vigilance over the direct or indirect supply, sale or transfer to the DPRK of small arms or light weapons, and further decides that States shall notify the Committee at least five days prior to selling, supplying or transferring small arms or light weapons to the DPRK;

“11.  Calls upon all States to inspect, in accordance with their national authorities and legislation, and consistent with international law, all cargo to and from the DPRK, in their territory, including seaports and airports, if the State concerned has information that provides reasonable grounds to believe the cargo contains items the supply, sale, transfer, or export of which is prohibited by paragraph 8 (a), 8 (b), or 8 (c) of resolution 1718 or by paragraph 9 or 10 of this resolution, for the purpose of ensuring strict implementation of those provisions;

“12.  Calls upon all Member States to inspect vessels, with the consent of the flag State, on the high seas, if they have information that provides reasonable grounds to believe that the cargo of such vessels contains items the supply, sale, transfer, or export of which is prohibited by paragraph 8 (a), 8 (b), or 8 (c) of resolution 1718 (2006) or by paragraph 9 or 10 of this resolution, for the purpose of ensuring strict implementation of those provisions;

“13.  Calls upon all States to cooperate with inspections pursuant to paragraphs 11 and 12, and, if the flag State does not consent to inspection on the high seas, decides that the flag State shall direct the vessel to proceed to an appropriate and convenient port for the required inspection by the local authorities pursuant to paragraph 11;

“14.  Decides to authorize all Member States to, and that all Member States shall, seize and dispose of items the supply, sale, transfer, or export of which is prohibited by paragraph 8 (a), 8 (b), or 8 (c) of resolution 1718 or by paragraph 9 or 10 of this resolution that are identified in inspections pursuant to paragraph 11, 12, or 13 in a manner that is not inconsistent with their obligations under applicable Security Council resolutions, including resolution 1540 (2004), as well as any obligations of parties to the NPT, the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production, Stockpiling and Use of Chemical Weapons and on Their Destruction of 29 April 1997, and the Convention on the Prohibition of the Development, Production and Stockpiling of Bacteriological (Biological) and Toxin Weapons and on Their Destruction of 10 April 1972, and decides further that all States shall cooperate in such efforts;

“15.  Requires any Member State, when it undertakes an inspection pursuant to paragraph 11, 12, or 13, or seizes and disposes of cargo pursuant to paragraph 14, to submit promptly reports containing relevant details to the Committee on the inspection, seizure and disposal;

“16.  Requires any Member State, when it does not receive the cooperation of a flag State pursuant to paragraph 12 or 13 to submit promptly to the Committee a report containing relevant details;

“17.  Decides that Member States shall prohibit the provision by their nationals or from their territory of bunkering services, such as provision of fuel or supplies, or other servicing of vessels, to DPRK vessels if they have information that provides reasonable grounds to believe they are carrying items the supply, sale, transfer, or export of which is prohibited by paragraph 8 (a), 8 (b), or 8 (c) of resolution 1718 (2006) or by paragraph 9 or 10 of this resolution, unless provision of such services is necessary for humanitarian purposes or until such time as the cargo has been inspected, and seized and disposed of if necessary, and underlines that this paragraph is not intended to affect legal economic activities;

“18.  Calls upon Member States, in addition to implementing their obligations pursuant to paragraphs 8 (d) and (e) of resolution 1718 (2006), to prevent the provision of financial services or the transfer to, through, or from their territory, or to or by their nationals or entities organized under their laws (including branches abroad), or persons or financial institutions in their territory, of any financial or other assets or resources that could contribute to the DPRK’s nuclear-related, ballistic missile-related, or other weapons of mass destruction-related programmes or activities, including by freezing any financial or other assets or resources on their territories or that hereafter come within their territories, or that are subject to their jurisdiction or that hereafter become subject to their jurisdiction, that are associated with such programmes or activities and applying enhanced monitoring to prevent all such transactions in accordance with their national authorities and legislation;

“19.  Calls upon all Member States and international financial and credit institutions not to enter into new commitments for grants, financial assistance, or concessional loans to the DPRK, except for humanitarian and developmental purposes directly addressing the needs of the civilian population, or the promotion of denuclearization, and also calls upon States to exercise enhanced vigilance with a view to reducing current commitments;

“20.  Calls upon all Member States not to provide public financial support for trade with the DPRK (including the granting of export credits, guarantees or insurance to their nationals or entities involved in such trade) where such financial support could contribute to the DPRK’s nuclear-related or ballistic missile-related or other WMD-related programmes or activities;

“21.  Emphasizes that all Member States should comply with the provisions of paragraphs 8(a)(iii) and 8(d) of resolution 1718 (2006) without prejudice to the activities of the diplomatic missions in the DPRK pursuant to the Vienna Convention on Diplomatic Relations;

“22.  Calls upon all Member States to report to the Security Council within forty-five days of the adoption of this resolution and thereafter upon request by the Committee on concrete measures they have taken in order to implement effectively the provisions of paragraph 8 of resolution 1718 (2006), as well as paragraphs 9 and 10 of this resolution, as well as financial measures set out in paragraphs 18, 19 and 20 of this resolution;

“23.  Decides that the measures set out at paragraphs 8 (a), 8 (b) and 8 (c) of resolution 1718 (2006) shall also apply to the items listed in INFCIRC/254/Rev.9/Part 1a and INFCIRC/254/Rev.7/Part 2a;

“24.  Decides to adjust the measures imposed by paragraph 8 of resolution 1718 (2006) and this resolution, including through the designation of entities, goods, and individuals, and directs the Committee to undertake its tasks to this effect and to report to the Security Council within 30 days of adoption of this resolution, and further decides that, if the Committee has not acted, then the Security Council will complete action to adjust the measures within seven days of receiving that report;

“25.  Decides that the Committee shall intensify its efforts to promote the full implementation of resolution 1718 (2006), the statement of its President of 13 April 2009 (S/PRST/2009/7) and this resolution, through a work programme covering compliance, investigations, outreach, dialogue, assistance and cooperation, to be submitted to the Council by 15 July 2009, and that it shall also receive and consider reports from Member States pursuant to paragraphs 10, 15, 16 and 22 of this resolution;

“26.  Requests the Secretary-General to create for an initial period of one year, in consultation with the Committee, a group of up to seven experts (“Panel of Experts”), acting under the direction of the Committee to carry out the following tasks:  (a) assist the Committee in carrying out its mandate as specified in resolution 1718 (2006) and the functions specified in paragraph 25 of this resolution; (b) gather, examine and analyse information from States, relevant United Nations bodies and other interested parties regarding the implementation of the measures imposed in resolution 1718 (2006) and in this resolution, in particular incidents of non-compliance; (c) make recommendations on actions the Council, or the Committee or Member States, may consider to improve implementation of the measures imposed in resolution 1718 (2006) and in this resolution; and (d) provide an interim report on its work to the Council no later than 90 days after adoption of this resolution, and a final report to the Council no later than 30 days prior to termination of its mandate with its findings and recommendations;

“27.  Urges all States, relevant United Nations bodies and other interested parties, to cooperate fully with the Committee and the Panel of Experts, in particular by supplying any information at their disposal on the implementation of the measures imposed by resolution 1718 (2006) and this resolution;

“28.  Calls upon all Member States to exercise vigilance and prevent specialized teaching or training of DPRK nationals within their territories or by their nationals, of disciplines which could contribute to the DPRK’s proliferation sensitive nuclear activities and the development of nuclear weapon delivery systems;

“29.  Calls upon the DPRK to join the Comprehensive Nuclear-Test-Ban Treaty at the earliest date;

“30.  Supports peaceful dialogue, calls upon the DPRK to return immediately to the Six-Party Talks without precondition, and urges all the participants to intensify their efforts on the full and expeditious implementation of the Joint Statement issued on 19 September 2005 and the joint documents of 13 February 2007 and 3 October 2007, by China, the DPRK, Japan, the Republic of Korea, the Russian Federation and the United States, with a view to achieving the verifiable denuclearization of the Korean Peninsula and to maintain peace and stability on the Korean Peninsula and in North-East Asia;

“31.  Expresses its commitment to a peaceful, diplomatic and political solution to the situation and welcomes efforts by Council members as well as other Member States to facilitate a peaceful and comprehensive solution through dialogue and to refrain from any actions that might aggravate tensions;

“32.  Affirms that it shall keep the DPRK’s actions under continuous review and that it shall be prepared to review the appropriateness of the measures contained in paragraph 8 of resolution 1718 (2006) and relevant paragraphs of this resolution, including the strengthening, modification, suspension or lifting of the measures, as may be needed at that time in light of the DPRK’s compliance with relevant provisions of resolution 1718 (2006) and this resolution;

“33.  Underlines that further decisions will be required, should additional measures be necessary;

“34.  Decides to remain actively seized of the matter.”

Action on Draft

The draft resolution (document SC/2009/301) was adopted unanimously by the Security Council, as resolution 1874 (2009).